The Radeon HD 7970 Reprise: PCIe Bandwidth, Overclocking, & The State Of Anti-Aliasing
by Ryan Smith on January 27, 2012 4:30 PM EST- Posted in
- GPUs
- AMD
- Radeon
- Radeon HD 7000
With the release of AMD’s Radeon HD 7970 it’s clear that AMD has once again regained the single-GPU performance crown. But while the 7970’s place in the current GPU hierarchy is well established, we’re still trying to better understand the ins and outs of AMD’s new Graphics Core Next Architecture. What does it perform well at and what is it weak at? How might GCN scale with future GPUs? Etc.
Next week we’ll be taking a look at CrossFire performance and the performance of AMD’s first driver update. But in the meantime we wanted to examine a few other facets of the 7970: the impact of PCIe bandwidth on performance, overclocking our reference 7970 (and the performance impact thereof), and what AMD is doing for anti-aliasing with the surprise addition of SSAA for DX10+ along with an interesting technical demo implementing MSAA and complex lighting side-by-side. So let’s get started.
PCIe Bandwidth: When Do You Have Enough?
With the release of PCIe 3 we wanted to take a look at what the impact the additional bandwidth would have. Historically new PCIe revisions have come out well ahead of hardware that truly needs the bandwidth, and with the 7970 and PCIe 3 this once again appears to be the case. In our original 7970 review we saw that there were a small number of existing computational applications that could immediately benefit from the greater bandwidth, but what about gaming? We sat down with our benchmark suite and ran it at a number of different PCIe bandwidths in order to find an answer.
PCIe Bandwidth Comparison (Each Direction) | |||||
PCIe 1.x | PCIe 2.x | PCIe 3.0 | |||
x1 | 250MB/sec | 500MB/sec | 1GB/sec | ||
x2 | 500MB/sec | 1GB/sec | 2GB/sec | ||
x4 | 1GB/sec | 2GB/sec | 4GB/sec | ||
x8 | 2GB/sec | 4GB/sec | 8GB/sec | ||
x16 | 4GB/sec | 8GB/sec | 16GB/sec |
For any given game the amount of data sent per frame is largely constant regardless of resolution, so we’ve opted to test everything at 1680x1050. At the higher framerates this resolution offers on our 7970, this should generate more PCie traffic than higher, more GPU limited resolutions, and make the impact of different amounts of PCIe bandwidth more obvious.
At the high end the results are not surprising. In our informal testing ahead of the 7970 launch we didn’t see any differences between PCIe 2 and PCIe 3 worth noting, and our formal testing backs this up. Under gaming there is absolutely no appreciable difference in performance between PCIe 3 x16 (16GB/sec) and PCIe 2 (8GB/sec). Nor was there any difference between PCIe 3 x8 (8GB/sec) and the other aforementioned bandwidth configurations.
Going forward, for Ivy Bridge owners this will be good news. Even with only 16 PCIe 3 lanes available from the CPU, there should be no performance penalty from utilizing x8 configurations in order to enable CrossFire or other uses that would rob a 7970 of 8 lanes. But how about existing Sandy Bridge systems that can only support PCIe 2? As it turns out things aren’t quite as good.
Moving from PCIe 2 x16 (8GB/sec) to PCIe 2 x8 (4GB/sec) does incur a generally small penalty on the 7970. However like most tests this is entirely dependent on the game itself. With games like Metro 2033 the difference is non-existent, while Battlefield 3 and Crysis only lose 2-3%, and DiRT3 suffers the most, losing 14% of its performance. DiRT3’s minimum framerates look even worse, dropping by 19%. As DiRT3 is one of our higher performing games in the first place the real world difference is not going to be that great – it’s still well above 60fps at all times – but it’s clear that in the wrong situation only having 4GB/sec of PCIe bandwidth can bottleneck a 7970.
Finally if we take one further step to PCIe 3 x2 (2GB/sec), we see performance continue to drop on a game-by-game basis. Crysis, Metro, Civilization V, and Battlefield 3 still hold rather steady, having lost less than 5% of their performance versus PCIe 3 x16, but DiRT 3 continues to fall, while Total War: Shogun and Portal 2 begin to buckle. At these speeds DiRT3 is only 72% of its original performance, while Shogun and Portal 2 are at 81% and 92% respectively.
Ultimately what is clear is that 8GB/sec of bandwidth, either in the form of PCIe 2 x16 or PCIe 3 x8, will be necessary to completely feed the 7970. 16GB/sec (PCIe 3 x16) appears to be overkill for a single card at this time, and 4GB/sec or 2GB/sec will bottleneck the 7970 depending on the game. The good news is that even at 2GB/sec the bottlenecking is rather limited, and based on our selection of benchmarks it looks like a handful of games will be bottlenecked. Still, there’s a good argument here that 7970CF owners are going to want a PCIe 3 system to avoid bottlenecking their cards – in fact this may be the greatest benefit of PCIe 3 right now, as it should provide enough bandwidth to make an x8/x8 configuration every bit as fast as an x16/x16 configuration, allowing for maximum GPU performance with Intel’s mainstream CPUs.
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annnonymouscoward - Sunday, January 29, 2012 - link
Thanks for measuring the PCIe bandwidth results--this is good data. If I may nitpick: please follow SI, and abbreviate seconds with "s" and volts with "V".MGSsancho - Monday, January 30, 2012 - link
This information also makes me dreams of the unannounced xbox. Is this compatible with the current e-dram related hardware AA on the xbox360? Another question, could this possibly help a mythical gen gaming console to do more in hardware?Th-z - Monday, January 30, 2012 - link
I like the visual of the demo, surface materials, lighting, and shadows all look natural and refreshing. It has the quality of offline renderer. It's much better than most games out there today, which all surfaces look alike, overly shiny surfaces, unnatural glow, and general blurriness. I know a lot has to do with hardware limitation of consoles and developers like to use excessive post process to hide it, but the visual is getting old.The demo shows how software (AMD's new forward rendering technique) targets a specific hardware can produces stunning results.
MySchizoBuddy - Monday, March 5, 2012 - link
How come you guys don't do stability testing. run the cards for 48 hours straight using folding@home and see what happens. Also do testing of ECC memory and how error prone the card is.I understand the authors of anandtech hardly ever read comments section so if anyone knows how do I get my wish list to anandtech please let me know.
N1bble - Tuesday, March 13, 2012 - link
I've got an Asus p5k pro motherboard with PCIe 1.0 or 1.1. (GPU-Z says 1.1, manual says simply PCI-e x16)Does this test prove that the cards will work on PCIe 1.x or could there be other issues since PCIe 3.0 isn't fully compatible to 1.x?
mudy - Monday, April 23, 2012 - link
... I see that you have stated the consequences as to what happens to the PCIe lanes if you use a non-IVB processors but not, what happens if you have a pcie 2.0 compliant GPU and that too in SLI! Also an article on how the lane would be distributed under all scenarios like, pcie 2.0: Single GPU, dual/triple GPU; pcie 3.0: single/dual/triple GPUs!!Harry Lloyd - Sunday, February 24, 2013 - link
I am very excited about this new technique for calculating lighting in a forward renderer. Deferred MSAA is a disaster, and postAA gives mediocre results, so I really hope we are going to see a move back to forward rendering in the next iteration of engines, in 2-3 years.